Summary of Cultivation of Rabi Cereal Crops
Crop | Wheat | Rabi Jowar (Grain) | Rabi Jowar (fodder) | |
Family | Gramineae | Gramineae | Gramineae | |
Botanical Name | Triticum aestivum | Sorghum valgar Sorghum bicolor | Sorghum bicolor | |
Origin | Afghanistan & Abyssinia | India & Africa | India & Africa | |
Varieties | Kalyan sona, Bansi Sonalika, Lok-1, HD-2189, Sharbati, Chhoti lerma, Moti, Khapli, Ajantha | CSH-8R, Swati, CSH-12R, Dagdi M-35-1, SPV-86, Parbhani moti, Phule Yashoda, CSH-19R, SCH-15R | Fodder: Nilwa, MP-chari, Pusa chari, satpani, Hurda : Wani, Mawoo, Shaloo Popgrain: kawali | |
Sowing time | Opt. Late Oct-Early Nov. | 15th september to 15th October | Rabi : 15th september to 15th October | Summer: Jan-Feb. |
Sowing method | Drilling and Broadcasting method | Drilling Dibbling and Plough furrow | Drilling and broadcasting | |
Seedrate (per ha.) | 44-132kg Opt: 88kg | Drilling: 8 to 10kg Dibbling: 5 kg | 50 to 60 kg | |
Spacing | Rainfed wheat: 30 cm (R-R) Irrigated wheat 22.5 cm (R-R) Sowing depth: R.-8 to 10 cm irr. – 3 to 5 cm | Drilling 45 x 15 cm Dibbling : 45 x 45 cm | Drilling 22 x 10 cm | |
Manuring (kg/ha) | 25 to 30 c.l. FYM, 50N: 25P: 25K Irrigated wheat : 100N : 50P: 50K | Rainfed jowar: 5 to 6 t FYM 50 N : 25 P Irrigated jowar: 8 to 12 t FYM 125N : 75P: 62K | 5 to 6 t FYM, 50N : 25P | |
Duration | 4 to 5 months | 3.5 to 5 months | 2 to 3 months | |
Yield | Local: R. – 3 to 4 qt. irr.: 10 to 12 qt. Mexican: R – 15 to 20 qt. Irr.: 40 to 45 qt. | Local rainfed: 650 to 750 kg Irrigated: 1200 to 1800 kg Improved: R-12 to 15 qt. Irr.- 25 to 30 qt. | Light soil: 20 tons green fodder Heavy soil: 35 tons green fodder | |
Pests | Rat, Termites, cut worm, Stem borer | Jowar shoot fly, Stem borer, Aphids | Jowar shoot fly, Stem borer, Aphids | |
Diseases | Rust, Flag smut, Loose smut, Foot rot | Downey mildew, Loose smut, Grain smut, Striga (root parasite) | Downey mildew, Loose smut, Grain smut, Striga (root parasite) | |
Remarks | Quality aspects: Amber colour, Longish oval shape grains, protein rich, easily milling, rawa, suji making quality. | Staple food of Maharashtra, used as hurda, pop grain, fooder, Starch, malt etc. | Do not feed jowar plant upto 8 weeks from germination as it contains HCN which is poisons to cattle. | |