Classification of Alley Cropping
According to the purpose for which the alleys are raised, alley cropping may be grouped into
1. Forage alley cropping.
2. Green manure- cum – mulch alley cropping.
3. Forage – cum- mulch- alley cropping.
4. Forage- cum- green manure alley cropping.
Agri- Horticulture:
it is from of agro forestry in which the tree component is fruit tree. It is also called as food cum fruit system in which short duration arable crops are raised in the interspaced of fruit trees which are recommended for this system are Guava, pomegranate, custard apple, sapota and mango, pulses are the important aerable crops suggested for this system.
1. Economic position of the farmers does not permit awaiting income after 5 to 6 years.
2. Watering of fruit trees, till their establishment is a problem particularly.
3. Marketing problems for perishable horticulture product.
Horti / Silvi- pastoral System:
Class IV above soils, which are uneconomical for arable crop production, is called as non- arable lands. Horti- pastoral system is an agro- forestry system involving irrigation of fruit trees with pasture.
With fruit tree is replaced with fodder tree it is called as Silvi- pastoral system. Guava custard apple and ber are recommended for Horti- pastoral system. Grasses like anjan (Cenchrus). Blue panic (Panicum antidotal), marvel Dicanthicaum annulatum and legumes like Stylo are suggested for this system. Following top fodder trees are suggested for silvi- pastoral system. Acacia nilotica (babul), Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham), Hardwickia binata (anjan).
Resources Management Under Constraint Situation:
The final out come of sustainable agriculture should achieve:
i) Productivity and profitability.
ii) Resources conservation and protection of environment.
iii) Enhancement in health quality and safety of biological life. Under constraint situation management of resources are very important to achieve the goal of sustainability.
I) Land Preparation:
1. Land Shopping:
a) Contour cultivation:- ploughing is done along the contours. Beneficial effect as entry of water takes place in soil, recharge the soil layers, minimize run off.
b) Broad bed and furrow:- It is suitable in areas where rain off is moderate high.
c) Compartment bunds:- The size of compartment and strength of the bunds depends on the slope and nature of the soil. For annul crops, the recommended size of the compartment is 40 m2 in black soils.
2) Preparatory Cultivation:
a) Help to in corporate the stubbles of previous crop, destroy weeds, destruction of insect and pests.
b) Chisel ploughing: – To break the hardpan in subsoil and increase the infiltration.
II) Seeds and Sowing:
I) Seed: Selection of proper crop variety is important.
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2) Pre – monsoon sawing: After receipt of rainfall especially black soil become sticky and poses problem for sowing. So to avoid such problem pre- monsoon sowing is possible.
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3) Contingent cropping: Normal rainfall pre- monsoon saving of cotton, sorghum, pulses is desirable. Delayed monsoon i.e July end – bajara, caster and sunflower are suitable crops.
4) Saying method: Two bowl seed drill is suitable tractor drawn cultivar cum seed planter was highly suitable for sorghum/ cotton in rainfall Vertisols.
5) Cropping system: Suitable cropping system should be adopted with resources availability.
III) Weed Management:
Crop remains weed free up to 35-45 days from saving for better establishment of crops. IWM is berry important for food crop growth.
IV) Nutrient Management System:
Organic manual application to soil, use of bio- fertilizers.
V) Pest and Diseases Management:
IPM is important in each crop.
VI) Alternate Land Use System